Commonly known as pink eye, conjunctivitis is an infection of the conjunctiva, the outermost layer of the eye that covers the sclera. The three most common types of conjunctivitis are viral, allergic and bacterial. Each requires its own type of treatment.

Viral conjunctivitis is often associated with an upper respiratory tract infection, cold or sore throat. There is no cure for viral conjunctivitis, but symptoms can be relieved with cool compresses and artificial tears. It usually resolves within three weeks.

Allergic conjunctivitis occurs among individuals with allergies, both seasonal allergies or those related to an intolerance for cosmetics, perfumes or medications. Cool compresses and artificial tears relieve discomfort in mild cases. In more severe cases, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications and antihistamines may be prescribed.

Bacterial conjunctivitis is caused by bacteria such as staphylococcus and streptococcus. It is usually treated with antibiotic eye drops or ointments.

All three types of conjunctivitis can be characterized by itching, red eyes and tearing. In some cases, patients may also experience irritation, watery discharge and swollen eyelids.

Conjunctivitis requires medical attention. To avoid spreading infection be sure to disinfect surfaces with a diluted bleach solution, do not swim, avoid touching the face, wash hands frequently, do not share towels or washcloths, use tissues in place of handkerchiefs and avoid shaking hands.

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